GENERAL STUDIES

1. Sri Venkateshwara University in Tirupati was established in the year 1954.
2. The Naxalbari movement was started in the year 1967.
3. The Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University was established on November 13, 1976.
4. The Prime Minister of India who esablished an agricultural university was Lal Bahadur Shastri.
5. The first Chief Minister and Deputy Chief Minster of Andhra Pradesh were Neelam Sanjeeva Reddy and K.V. Ranga Reddy.
6. The idea of separate state of Andhra Pradesh originated for the first time at the Guntur Youth Literary Conference in 1903.
7. The first Andhra Maha Sabha was conducted at Jogipeta.
8. The capital city of Andaman and Nicobar islands, Port Blair is situated in Middle Andaman. 
9. The number of islands in Lakshadweep are 25.
10. The island of St. George is near Vasco-da Gama.
11. The capital city of Lakshadweep is Kawaratti.
12. The Muslim League was started by Dhaka Nawab Aga Khan, Mohsin-ul-Mulk.
13. The 'Hunter Commission' was established in 1919 to submit a report on Punjab unrest.
14. The book "Poverty and Un-British rule in India" was written by Dadabhai Naoroji.
15. The book "Ghulamgiri" was written by Jyotiba Phule.
16. Third Round Table Conference was held from Novemeber 7, 1932 to Novemeber 24, 1932.
17. Second Round Table Conference was held from November 7, 1931 to December 1931.
18. First Round Table Conference was held from November 12, 1930 to January 19, 1931.
19. The Rowlatt Act was passed by the British in the year 1919 on March 21.
20. The book 'why I am an atheist' was written by Bhagat Singh. 
21. 'National Technology Mission' was started in the year 1958. 
22. The public sector undertaking which was established during the implementation of the second five year plan was Bhillai Steel plant.
23. The National Development Council which takes the responsibility of planning and development was established in the year 1952. 
24. The Green Book is official publication of Italy and Japan.
25. Asia's first heart transplant operation in Mumbai was performed by Dr. P.K. Sen.
26. The official residence of the President of France is Elysee Palace.
27. The group of plants that is called 'amphibians of plant kingdom' are Bryophytes. An example of Bryophytes is Funaria. 
28. The father of Genetics is Mendel. He conducted hybridization experiments on pea plant and introduced laws of inheritance.
29. The author of 'A Bend in the River' was V.S. Naipaul.
30. The national flower of United Kingdom is Rose.
31. Rudyard Kipling said, "The female of the species is more deadly than the male".
32. The average adult male ostrich, the world's largest living bird, weighs upto 345 pounds. 
33. Actress Nandita Das directorial debut is Firaaq.
34. Nitrogen was discovered by Daniel Rutherford.
35. The first woman to command a space shuttle mission was Eileen Collins.
36. A car travelling at 100 mph would take more than 29 million years to reach the nearest star.
37. The first coast-to-coast telephone line was established in 1914.
38. The name Bowenpally is derived from Bhuvanapalli. It is said to be named after the Chalukya King Trailokya Malla Bhuvaneswara of the 10th century. The State Archaeology Department found an inscription on a pillar which dated back to Chalukya times.
39. To an astronaut in the space-craft, the colour of sky appears to be black. 
40. The first Indian to play at Wimbledon Tennis Championship in 1908 was Sardar Nihal Singh. 
41. Christopher Columbus more than 500 yeaars ago discovered a beautiful island called Espanola (Hispaniola) in the Caribbean Sea. Today we know it as Haiti-Negro republic of West Indies.
42. The first man to land on the moon was Neil Armstrong. His lunar module, 'Eagle', loaded on the moon in the area known as Sea of Tranquility. 
43. A collector of walking sticks is called Rabdophilist.  
44. The "Oil and Natural Gas Commission" was set up in the year 1956.
45. The Prime Minister of India who did not face the Lok Sabha even once was Charan Singh.
46. The country which is called the "Island of Robots" is Japan.
47. The first Five Year plan was launched in 1951.
48. The Roman God of Love is Cupid.
49. The local name of Assam, a north-eastern Indian state is Ahom.
50. The mineral used in the manufacture of alluminium is Bauxite. 
51. After Britain, France and Belgium were the first two European countries to participate in the Davis Cup. 
52. The Federation Cup is the International women's tennis team event--the women's equivalent of the Davis Cup.
53. The Americans and the British originally played the Davis Cup (till 1903).
54. The official name of the Davis Cup is the International Lawn Tennis Challenge Trophy.
55. The Davis Cup is named after Dwight F. Davis who donated it.
56. The two oldes legal systems in the world are Hindu and Jewish.
57. India's longest bridge is the Mahatma Gandhi Setu at Patna (Bihar) is across Ganges river.
58. The author of the book "That Extra Half an inch: Hair, Heels and Everything in between" was Victoria Beckham. 
59. The management thinker who is known as Mr. Strategy and has developed the 3 C's model is Kenichi Ohmas.
60. Guarana drink made from a berry is from Brazil.
61. The film festival which is annually held on the Saharawi refugee camps in the south-west corner of Algeria is the International Sahara Film Festival.
62. The British think-tank New Economics Foundation conducts the Happy Planet Index to track the happiness index of nations. According to the study, vanuato is the happiest country on Earth. The least happiest is Zimbabwe. 
63. Kartar Singh Hitkari is known as a poet and scholar of Braj Bhasha. He has another claim to frame in Hindi literature. He is the father of Amrita Pritam. Hitkari guided the early literary career of Amrita Pritam.
64. The first city in India to get electricity is Bangalore in 1906. The first electric lamps were lit at the old city market building after the shivasamudram hydro electric station was established in 1902.
65. The word 'serendipity' came from the book "The Three Princes of Serendip", a fairy tale written in 1754. The author is Horace Walpole.
66. The phrase 'Naked Truth' has an interesting origin. It comes from a fable.: "Truth and Falsehood went swimming. Falsehood store clothes that Truth left on the bank, but Truth refused to wear Falsehood's clothes and went naked". 
67. Co-branding means using the same brand by two different companies.
68. Sales forecasting involves (a). Consumer interests, (b). Distribution channels, (c). Sales planning and (d). Pricing.
69. When the demand is more than supply, suppliers will sense the possibility of profit.
70. The process of distributing the original value of a long term asset over the years of its life is depreciation.
71. The white marble for the mines was acquired from Makrana mines in Rajasthan.
72. 'Pietra Dura' is inlay work on marble with precious stones.
73. The construction of the Taj was completed in 1654 according to the chronicles of a contemporary traveller called Traveller from France.
74. Akbarnama, the biography of Akbar was written by Abul Fazl. 
75. Tuzuk-i-Jahangiri was the autobiography of Jahangir.
76. Badshahnama is the biography of Shah Jehan.
77. The idea of Directive Principles has been borrowed from the Irish Constitution.
78. Aurangazeb ascended the throne in AD 1658 after imprisoning his father Shah Jehan.
79. Dadaji Kondadev was Shivaji's guide and teacher.
80. Shivaji proclaimed himself as 'Chatrapati' in AD 1674.
81. The council of eight minsters or ashtapradhan were the most important ministers in Shivaji's council.
82. Aurangazeb got a collection of Islamic laws compiled in a book entitled Fatwa-i-Alamgiri.
83. Jahangir's real name was Muhammad Sultan Salim.
84. Jahangir ascended the throne after his father Akbar's death in AD 1605.
85. The Sikh Guru, Arjun Dev was tortured to death for supporting Prince Khusrau.
86. The English East India Company was set up in AD 1600.
87. John Hawkins and Sir Thomas Roe were the English ambassadors who visited India during Jahangir's reign.
88. Khurram, he third son of Jahangir, assumed the title Shah Jahan in AD 1628.
89. The Dutch East India Company was set up in AD 1602.
90. Akbar ascended the throne at the age of 13 years.
91. Akbar's loyal Prime Minister Bairam Khan was divested of power by Akbar in AD 1560. 
92. The horse on which Rana Pratap escaped to the hills before launching war against the Mughals was Chetak.
93. Ain-i-Akbari, which deals with law and revenue system of the empire was written by Abul Fazl.
94. The founder of the Mughal dynasty in India was Babur.
95. Babur traced his antecedents to two great warrior tribes of Central Asia led by Timur and Chengiz Khan.
96. Babur defeated Ibrahim Lodhi in the first battle of Panipat in AD 1526.
97. Babur was born in AD 1483 in Farghana, a small principality in Central Asia.
98. Tuzuk-i-Baburi or the Baburnama is an autobiography of Babur.
99. Babur was a great scholar. The verse invented by him was Mubiyan.
100. Humayun, the son of Babur was defeated by Sher Shah Suri, who was earlier a general in Babur's army on 17th May, 1540. Thus the first reign of the Mughals came to an end. Humayun was defeated in the battle of Kannauj. 
101. Humayun reclaimed Delhi in 1555. He defeated Sikandar Shah Suri.
102. Pigeon-flying was a favourite sport of the Mughals. The term they used for it was Ishqbazi.
103. Mahmud of Ghazni was the son of Subktiyanno, a Turkish noble.
104. Mahmud of Ghazni patronised scholars like Al Beruni and Firdausi.
105. Firdausi wrote the great epic Shahnama.
106. Qutub-ud-din Aibak was a general under Mohammad Ghori.
107. Mohammed Ghori attacked India in AD 1175. He defeated Prithviraj Chauhan in the second battle of Tarain in AD 1192 and occupied Delhi and Ajmer.
108. Mohammad Ghori defeated Jaichand, the ruler of Kanauj and annexed Kanauj in AD 1198.
109. The Slave Dynasty began with Qutub-ud-din's accession to the throne in AD 1206.
110. The famous book Tabaqat-i-Nasiri was written during the reign of Iltutmish by Minhaj-us-Siraj.
111. India's neighbour which got its independence from United Kingdom on 04-01-1948 is Myanmar (formerly Burma).
112. The French inventor of an eponymous worldwide reading and writing system used by the visually impaired people who was born on 04th January was Louis Braille.
113. The place in Tamil Nadu which is also referred to as Mayavaram is Mayiladutharai.
114. The most distant spacecraft from earth is Voyager I.
115. The trait which a Klein-Levin syndrome patient exhibits is excessive sleeping.
116. The world's largest mobile phone maker Nokia comes from Finland.
117. The 2010 United Nations Climate Change Conference was held in Cancun, Mexico.
118. The scientific name of Platypus is Ornithorhynchus anatinus.
119. The monarch whose execution which which led to the formation of Commonwealth of  England in the 17th century was Charles I.
120. The U. S. State which has the Union Jack in its flag is Hawaii.
121. Freddy Krugner is a despised villain from the film series "A Nightmare on Elm Street".
122. The Khalji dynasty was founded by Jalaluddin Khalji in AD 1290.
123. The last Khalji ruler was Khusrao Khan who was killed in AD 1320.
124. Ghias-ud-din Tughluq built a new city near Delhi, which was named Tughluqabad, after the dynasty.
125. Ghias-ud-din died in AD 1325, when the pavilion built for his reception by his son Jauna Khan collapsed.
126. Jauna Khan ascended the throne in AD 1325 and assumed the title Sultan Muhammad-bin-Tughluq.
127. Muhammad-bin-Tughluq shifted his capital from Delhi to Devagiri.
128. The Lodi dynasty was founded by Bahlul Lodi in AD 1451.
129. "Ali is greatest, but I am the latest." This statement can be attributed to Leon Spinks. He uttered these words when he defeated Md. Ali in one of the shocking results in the world boxing championship.
130. Christy has been suplying all the towels used during wimbledon championship since Christy is Welspun, the Indian textile company.
131. Jim Laker took 19 wickets against Australia in the famous Manchester test of 1956. The other wicket was taken by Tony Lock. He took the wicket of opener J.W. Burke.
132. The study of proverbs is called 'paremiology'. The name given to collection of proverbs is called Paremiography.
133. It is the only country where number of horses is more than population. Its capital city means 'Red Hero' in native language. The country is Mongolia. Its capital Ulan Bator means red hero. 
134. Richard Wagner wanted to produce an opera called 'Die Sieger' (The Victors), but he died before that. The opera was based on the life of Gautama Buddha.
135. The mistress of W.B. Yeats who changed her birth year from 1865 to 1866 out of embarrassment because her parents got married one day before her birth in 1865 was Maud Gonne.
136. Firoz Shah succeeded Muhammad-bin-Tughluq.
137. The death of Ibrahim Lodi in the first battle of Panipat in 1526 against Babur brought the end of Lodi dynasty.
138. The Vijayanagara Kingdom was founded by Harihara and Bukka of the Sangama dynasty.
139. Hampi was the capital of Vijayanagara Kingdom.
140. Mahmud Gawan was sentenced to death in 1481.
141. Red Fort was built by Shah Jahan.
142. The 29th State to formed in India is Delhi.
143. The first Parliament met in the year 1952.
144. The two sects of Jainism and Buddhism in India are Swetambara and Digambara.
145. The rock-cut shrines at Ellora and Elephanta belong to the period of Rashtrakutas.
146. The Sikh Guru who was executed by Aurangazeb was Guru Tegh Bahadur.
147. The famous Chinese pilgrim, Fahien, visited India during the reign of Chandragupta II.
148. Jainism became popular mainly because of its mitigation of evils of the 'varna' system.
149. The stupa at Sanchi was built by Ashoka.
150. The capital of Hoysalas was Dwarasamudram in Karnataka.
151. The great ruler of Sangama dynasty was Devarayulu II.
152. Nomophobia is the fear of being out of mobile phone contact.
153. RAPD stands for Random Amplification of Polymorphic D.N.A.
154. In Physics and Mathematics, singularity is defined as a point at which a complex function is undefined because it is neither differentiable nor single valued while the function is defined in every neighbourhood of the point.  
155. The early Vedic period was noted for agricultural civilisation.
156. Original name of Swami Dayananda was Mul Shankar.
157. The famous Siva Temple built by Raja Raja Chola is located at Tanjore.
158. Humayun died as a result of an accidental fall from the stair case.
159. Ilbert Bill was introduced during the time of Lord Rippon.
160. The first Indian to be selected for the Indian Civil Service was Satyendranath Tagore.
161. Lord Canning was the Governor General during the Revolt of 1857.
162. The combination of several millions of stars form Milky Way. It is also called Akasa Ganga.
163. On June 21st, the sun shines vertically over Tropic of Cancer.

CHRONOLOGICAL DATES OF INDIAN HISTORY

Stone Age (before 3,300 BCE)

Mehrgarh Culture (7,000-3300 BCE).

Indus Valley Civilisation (3,300-1,700 BCE).

Late Harappan Culture (1,700-1,300 BCE).

Ochre Coloured Pottery Culture (Second Millenium BCE).

Cemetary Harappan Culture (From 1,900 BCE).

Swat Culture (1,600-500 BCE).

Iron Age (1,200-180 BCE).

Vedic Civilisation (1,500-500 BCE).

Black and Red Ware Culture (1,300-1,000 BCE).

Painted Grey Ware Culture (1,200-600 BCE).

Northern Black Polished Ware (700-200 BCE).

Maha Janapadas (700-300 BCE).

Magadha Empire (684-424 BCE).

Nanda Empire (424-321 BCE).

Chera Empire (300 BCE-1200 BCE).

Chola Empire (300 BCE-1279 CE).

Pandyan Empire (300 BCE-1345 CE).

Maurya Empire (321-184 BCE).

Pallava Empire (250 BCE-800 BCE).

Sunga Empire (185-73 BCE).

Kanva Empire (75-26 BCE).

Kharavela Empire (209-170 BCE).

Kuninda Kingdom (200 BCE-3,000 CE).

Indo-Scythian Kingdom (200 BC-400 CE).

Satavahana Empire (230 BCE-220 CE).

Indo Greek Kingdom (180 BCE-10 CE).

Middle Kingdoms (1 CE-1,279 CE).

Indo-Parthian Kingdom (21-130 CE).

Western Satrap Empire (35-405 CE).

Kushan Empire (60-240 CE).

Indo-Sassanid Kingdom (230-360 CE).

Vakataka Empire (250-500 CE).

Kalabhras Kingdom (250-600 CE).

Gupta Empire (280-550 CE).

Kadamba Empire (345-525 CE).

Western Ganga Kingdom (350-1,000 CE).

Kamarupa Kingdom (350-1,100 CE).

Vishnukundina Empire (420-624 CE).

Huna Kingdom (475-576 CE).

Rai Kingdom (489-632 CE).

Chalukya Empire (543-753 CE).

Harsha Empire (590-647 CE).

Shahi Kingdom (565-670 CE).

Eastern Chalukya Kingdom (624-1075 CE).

Gurjara Pratihara Empire (650-1,036 CE).

Pala Empire (750-1,174 CE).

Rashtrakuta Empire (753-982 CE).

Paramara Kingdom (800-1,327 CE).

Yadava Empire (850-1,334 CE).

Solanki Kingdom (942-1,244 CE).

Western Chalukya Empire (973-1,189 CE).

Hoysala Empire (1,040-1,346 CE).

Sena Empire (1,070- 1,230 CE).

Eastern Ganga Empire (1,078-1,434 CE).

Kakatiya Kingdom (1,083-1.323 CE).

Kalachuri Empire (1,130-1,184 CE).

Muslim Period (1,100-1,800 CE).

Islamic Rulers (1,206-1,707 CE).

Delhi Sultanate (1,206-1,526 CE).

Deccan Sultanates (1,490-1,596 CE).

Vijayanagara Empire (1,336-1,646 CE).

Mughal Empire (1,526-1,803 CE).

Maratha Empire (1,674-1,818 CE).

Durrani Empire (1,747-1,823 CE).

Sikh Confederacy (1,733-1,805 CE).

Sikh Empire (1,799-1,849 CE).

Regional Kingdoms (1,100-1,800 CE).

Cochin Kingdom (1,102-1,949 CE).

Travancore Kingdom (1.102-1,949 CE).

Ahnon Kingdom (1,228-1,826 CE).

Chitradurga Kingdom (1,300-1,779 CE).

Garhwal Kingdom (1,358-1,803 CE).

Mysore Kingdom (1,399-1,947 CE).

Keladi Kingdom (1,499-1,763 CE).

Thondaiman Kingdom (1,650-1,948 CE).

Madurai Kingdom (1,559-1,736 CE).

Thanjavur Kingdom (1,572-1,918 CE).

Marava Kingdom (1,600-1,750 CE).

Company Rule in India (1,757-1,858 CE).

British India (1,858-1,947 CE).

Partition of India (1947 CE).

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The Dalai Lamas

S. No. Name of Dalai Lama        Period            Birth Place

(1).      Gedun Drupa                 1391-1474      Shabtod (U-Tsang).

(2).      Gedun Gyatso                1475-1542      Tenag Segme (U-Tsang).

(3).      Sonam Gyatso                1543-1588      Tolung (U-Tsang).

(4).      Yonten Gyatso               1589-1617       Mongolia

(5).      Lobsang Gyatso             1617-1682       Chingwar Taktse (U-Tsang).

(6).      Tsangyang Gyatso          1682-1706       Mon Tawang, India

(7).      Kelsang Gyatso              1708-1757      Lithang (Kham).

(8).      Jamphel Gyatso              1758-1804      Thobgyal (U-Tsang).

(9).      Lungtok Gyatso              1805-1815      Dan Chakor (Kham).

(10).    Tsultrim Gyatso               1816-1837     Lithang (Kham).

(11).    Khedrup Gyatso             1838-1856     Gathar (Kham).

(12).    Trinley Gyatso                1856-1875      Lhoka (U-Tsang).

(13).    Thupten Gyatso              1876-1933      Dagpo Langdun   (U-Tsang).

(14).    Tenzin Gyatso                1935-              Taktser, Kumbum (Amdo).     

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Man and History

Man is nature, so made up as to form his own opinions, develop his convictions, draw his inferences and pass his verdicts. Off and on he thinks to survey what really History teaches. After such thought he comes to the conclusion that History teaches nothing. History acquires its significance from the approaches that are brought to it. It can serve as a guide in the way as the lamp post on the road! But man seems to be blind to History. He never learns from it. He does not even learn by his mistakes. That is why History is said to be repeating itself. Great reformers like Jesus Christ and Socrates were put to death. Even then people could and did assassinate great men like Abraham Lincoln, Gandhiji and Martin Luther King. Great inventors like Galileo were blindly subjected to harrassment. In this way men behave in life and starve the world for good things that would have nourished it. History tells the evil effect brought about by hypocrisy, corruption and jealousy. Still man sticks to them with great passion and persistence. History is full of illustrations of greed and its ill-bearings resulting in battles. But to man History means nothing. It also illustrates what war really means. We suffer from consequences but even then man prepares for war and raises the slogan: "If you want peace, be prepared for war!" Man has eyes that see not, a heart that feels not, and consequently he repeats his mistakes.

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STORY OF POST CARD

The post card was invented in 1869 in Austria. It proved to be so popular that in the first month itself 1.5 million of them were sold. Other countries were quick to see the usefulness of this straw-coloured rectangular scrap of paper. Britain introduced the postcard in 1872. It came to India seven years later in 1879. The earliest post card to be sold in India cost 3 paise. Within 9 months postcards worth 7.5 lakh rupees were sold in India. Picture postcards became popular in 1889. That was the year in which the Eiffel Tower in Paris (France) was opened to the public. To make the event easily understood by the general public, the French printed postcards carrying the picture of the Eiffel Tower on one side for sale. Tourists could post these cards at a special post office set up on top of the Eiffel Tower itself. The postcards of earlier days had some special features. People were allowed to write messages on only one side of the postcard. The other side of the card was exclusively for writing the address of the person to whom it was to be sent. The British gave up this rule causing difficulty in 1902. Mahatma Gandhi, Father of the Nation, was one of the most frequent users of the postcard. Perhaps to honour the memory of this famous user of the postcard, the Indian postal department issued special Gandhi postcards in 1951 and 1969. Although the postcard is the cheapest way of sending messages, printing postcards is a losing bargain for the Indian postal department. Each postcard, which now sells at 50 paise, costs the postal department a sizable amount to produce. To offset this loss, the department has found many new uses for the postcard. On 21st July, 1975, postcards carrying the message "Save your crops from insects and rodents" in Hindi were printed. Later, many other government slogans and messages in many Indian languages appeared on the postcard. Like stamp-collection, postcard-collection is also a busy and successful hobby among collectors. This hobby is known as deltiology. In 1984, Susan Brown Nicholas of Illinois, USA, sold a rare postcard - one of the only five specimens of its kind in existence. It brought to her the equivalent of 1.75 lakh rupees.

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SPACECRAFT TOWARDS VENUS

Venera 5 spacecraft towards Venus was launched by the former Soviet Union on 5th January, 1969.

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A laugh is just like music.

A laugh  is just like music, It lingers in the heart, And where its melody is heard, The ills of life depart. 

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PADMA AWARDS FOR 2011

Padma Vibhushan:

Art: Kapila Vatsyayan; Homai Vyarawalla; A. Nageshwar Rao.

Public Affairs: Parasaran Kesava Iyengar, Akhlaq-ur-Rehman Kidwai; Vijay Kelkar; Montek Singh Ahluwalia; L.C. Jain (posthumous).

Science and Engineering: Palle Rama Rao; Azim Premji.

Trade and Industry: Brajesh Mishra.

Civil Services: Ottaplakkai N.V. Kurup.

Literature and Education: Sitakant Mahapatra.

Padma Bhushan:

Art: Satyadev Dubey; Dwijen Mukherjee; Dashrath Patel (posthumous).

Music: M. Zahur Khayyam alias Khayyam; Rudrapatna Krishna S. Srikantan.

Cinema: Shashi Kapoor; Waheeda Rehman.

Painting: Krishen Khanna; Arpita Singh.

Dance: Madavur Vasudevan Nair.

Playback Singing: S.P. Balasubramaniam.

Classical Dance: C.V. Chandrashekhar.

Social Work: Rajashree Birla; Shobana Ranade.

Science and Engineering: Suryanarayanan Ramachandran.

Trade and Industry: S. (Kris) Gopalakrishnan; Yogesh Chander Deveshwar, Chanda Kochhar; K. Anji Reddy; Analjit Singh; Rajendra Singh Pawar; Gunapati Venkata Krishna Reddy; Ajai Chowdhary.

Civil Services: Surendra Singh; M.N. Buch; Shyam Saran.

Literature: Thayil Jacob Sony George; Ramdas Madhava Pai; Sankha Ghosh.

Medicine: K. Raghavan Thirumulpad (posthumous), Ayurveda; Dr. Keki Byramjee Grant (posthumous).

PADMA SHRI

Art: Neelam Man Singh chowdhry; Makar Dhwaja Darogha, Shaji Neelakantan Karun; Girish Kasaravalli; Jivya Soma Mase; Mahasundari Devi; Gajam Govardhana; Peruvanam Kuttan Marar; Dadi Dorab Pudumjee.

Cinema: Tabassum H. Khan alias Tabu; Jayaram Subramaniam; Kajol; Irfan Khan.

Dance: Guru M.K. Saroja; Sunayana Hazaarilal; Kalamandalam K. Pavitran.

Music: Pandit Ajoy Chakraborthy; S.R. Janakiraman (Caranatic Vocal); Khangembam Mangi Singh (traditional music); Prahlad Singh Tipaniya (folk); Usha Uthup.

Social Work: Mamraj Agrawal; Jockin Arputham; Nomita Chandy; Sheela Patel; Anita Reddy; Kanubhai Hasmukhbhai (tailor).

Public Affairs: Anant Darshan Shankar.

Science and Engineering: Prof. M. Annamalai; Mahesh Haribhai Mehta; C. Narayan Rao Raghavendran; Suman Sahai; Prof. E.A. Siddiq.

Architecture: Gopalan Nair Shankar.

Trade and Industry: Mecca Rafeeque Ahmed, Kailasam Raghavendra Rao.

Civil Services: Narayan Singh Bhati; P.K. Sen.

Sports: Shital Mahajan; Nameirakpam Kujarani Devi; Sushil Kumar; V.V.S. Laxman; Gagan Narang; Krishna Poonia; Harbhajan Singh (Mountaineering); Pukhraj Bafna; Mansoor Hasan; Shyama Prasad Mandal; Sivapatham Vittal; Madanur Ahmed Ali; Indira Hinduja; Jose Chako Periappuram; A. Marthanda Pillai.

Literature: Mahim Bora; Pullela Sri Ramchandrudu; Pravin Darji; Chandra Prakash Deval; Balraj Komal; Rajni Kumar; Devanooru Mahadeva; Barun Mazumdar; Avvai Natarajan; Bhalchandra Nemade; Riyaz Punjabi; Koneru Ramakrishna Rao; Buangi Sailo; Devi Dutt Sharma; Nilamber Dev Sharma; Urvashi Butalia; Ritu Menon; Krishna Kumar; Deviprasad Dwivedi; Mamang Dai; Karl Harrington Potter (USA); Granville Austin (USA).

Heritage Conservation: Om Prakash Agarwal.

Archaeology: Madhukar Keshav Dhavalikar.

Nursing: Shanti Teresa Lakra.

Handicrafts Promotion: Gulshan Nanda.

Social Work: Azad Maopen (UAE); Martha Chen (USA).

Public Affairs: Upendra Baxi (UK).

Science and Engineering: Mani Lal bhaumik (USA); Subra Suresh (USA).

Trade: Satpal Khaattar (Singapore).

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